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of metal finishing. Until that time, electroplating was the primary method to deposit a metallic coating from an aqueous solution onto a metallic substrate. The new deposition method proved to have several key advantages over electro- plating.ยง The pre-RoHS processes were refined over the years and reached a high degree of reliability. They contained lead and, sometimes, cadmium, both of which are under regulatory restrictions. Post-RoHS processes are formulated to be lead and cadmium free. They do have a few advantages, as well as disadvantages, compared with the older technology. When it comes to troubleshooting, there are more similarities than differences between the two methods. However, under- standing these differences is important for the troubleshooting process. REFERENCES 1. Operational Experience Using an Organically Stabilized Electroless Nickel by Duncan Beckett, MacDermid, Inc., Birmingham, England, Journal of Applied Surface Finishing, September, 2008 2. John j. Kuzma, Equipment for Electroless Nickel (AESF1990) 3. Internal MacDermid Document Troubleshooting EN by Michael Barnstead 4. Internal MacDermid Document Troubleshooting EN by Michael Barnstead 5. ASTM B-571, Test Methods for Adhesion of Metallic Coatings 6. Corrosion Resistance of ELV-compliant Mid- and Low/Mid- Phosphorus Electroless Nickel by Nicole Micyus, MacDermid, Inc., New Hudson, MI USA SUR/FIN 2008 161